A new species of woody bamboo (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), Chusquea guirigayensis, is described and illustrated. This species is placed in Chusquea sect. Swallenochloa (McClure) L. G. Clark because of its shrubby habit, short waxy internodes, intravaginal branching, and linearly arranged subsidiary buds/branches. In addition, we discuss related species, and describe the ecology and distribution of the new species. Separate keys based on sterile and fertile material of the Venezuelan species of C. sect. Swallenochloa are provided.